AEIS英语语法指导（一）

2017-08-07 13:04 阅读量：1984

　　名词性从句中的虚拟语气

　　第一节：宾语从句(Subordinate Clasue)中的虚拟语气

　　在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气

　　在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气，常省去宾语从句的引导词that。

　　一)、对现在情况的虚拟(与现在的事实相反)：从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语be和were(was)，实义动词用过去式。例：1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer tothe question.(wish, 动词过去式knew)我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道)

　　2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能)

　　3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能)

　　4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home.(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家)

　　5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood)现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂)

　　6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起)

　　二)、对过去情况的虚拟(和过去的事实相反)

　　用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，或would, could,might+现在完成时。例：

　　I wish (that可省略，下同)I hadn't wasted so much time.

　　我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。He wishes he hadn't lost the chance.他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去)

　　We wished he had spoken to us.

　　(wished，had + spoken)(事实上他并没同我们讲)

　　I wish you had called earlier.(wish, had + called)

　　5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner.I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.A. could have slept 　　B. slept　　C. might have slept 　　D. have slept

　　动词wish后面接从句，表达不可能实现或与事实相反的情况时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即用过去式(表示现在发生的动作)或过去完成式(表示过去发生的动作)。本题后半句谓语动词have用的是过去时had

　　to get up and come, 所以前面要用过去完成时表示过去发生的动作。所以, 选项A)could have slept是答案