Define genetic screening
Testing a population for the presence or absence of a gene
Discuss three advantages and disadvantages of genetic screening
Advantages
Lessen the devastating impact of genetic disease
Identification of persons who have genetically determined susceptibilities to specific environmental agents
Insurance Companies can give lower premiums
Disadvantage
Can stigmatize and emotionally traumatize those who learn that they are carriers of genetic defects
Invasion of privacy
Has the potential of being used to dictate who may or may not reproduce
State that the Human Genome project is an international cooperative venture to sequence the complete human genome
Discuss two possible advantages of this project
Understanding of many genetic diseases
Genome libraries
Production of gene probes to detect sufferers and carriers of genetic diseases
Production of pharmaceuticals based on DNA sequences
Define clone
A group of organisms of identical genotype / a group of cells descended from a single parent cell.
Outline a technique used in the cloning of farm animals
Early division of a fertilized egg produces 8 cells each of which would give rise to an embryo (totipotency).
After in vitro fertilization processes the 8 resultant separated embryos can be transferred to surrogate mothers (e.g. cattle or sheep) to continue using selected prime animals for the production of gametes
At present used for genetically manipulated animals to produce pharmaceuticals
Discuss the ethical issues of cloning human embryos
Happens naturally in monozygotic twins
In vitro fertilization of twins unacceptable?
Selection of those fit to be cloned
Eugenics and super-race?
Discuss the results of crop plant and animal breeding
Breeding for disease resistance
Increased food production
Higher yields of milk/wool/protein
Breeding plants that can spread
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